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Focus Activities: Use primary source documents for a focus activity to introduce topic or to re-interest students in the middle of a lengthy unit. Begin lessons or units with a primary source.
Inquiry Activities: Use an inquiry approach to primary sources to help students explore the main concepts in a lesson or unit.
Application Activities: Help students to apply or extend their knowledge of concepts they are learning with primary sources.
Assessment Activities: Evaluate student mastery of skills and concepts with primary source activities.
Questioning Strategies
Move students from observation to analysis levels of thinking through directed questioning strategies. You can employ a three question approach that walks students through graduated levels of higher thinking.
Question 1: Use a general or specific question that can be answered with information taken directly from the document. This is an observation level question: “In which year . . .? What was the population in the year . . . ?, etc.”
Question 2: In the second question, ask students to make a connection between different parts of the document, or between information in the document and prior knowledge. This is a synthesis question: make comparisons (similarities and differences), identify patterns, apply information, make generalizations or conclusions, summarize.
Question 3: Using additional outside information related to the topic, students should move beyond the data present in the document. This is an analysis/application question that involves extrapolation, explanation, or prediction: “What might happen if this trend continues?”